a starry night essays

a starry night essays Starry Night Vincent Van Gogh's Starry Night is a marvelous painting in which Van Gogh paints a picture that is colorful and descriptive. This painting can be described as mysterious and intriguing. It can signify a variety of moods, objects, and atmosphere. Van Gogh portrays a small French town located in the countryside. This town is characterized by rolling mountains, big starry sky, small houses, green fields, a large tree, and a church. He uses these details to paint a story full of color and intrigue. Van Gogh uses oil to paint this work on a 72cm x 92cm canvas board. Oil provides a semi-blurred texture. He uses different colors like blue, black, orange, yellow, purple, green, and violet. He paints the sky purple and dark blue to signify the evening. He uses orange and yellow for the bright stars in the sky. The mountains that border the town are colored a dark blue and are masked by a tree, which is colored black. Green is applied for the grass and other various plants and veg etation. He uses a vast array of colors to paint the houses and buildings in the village. In the Starry Night mood and description play a major part. The evening sky is exposed with vibrant flames of light streaming through the sky. One person might think that huge comets are hurtling toward the earth, signaling the end of the world, while another could guess that Van Gogh was painting a scene where large stars and the navy blue sky are brightening the medieval type landscape. He creates a painting that shows the beauty of the countryside. Looking up at the sky the bright, yellowish-white stars twirl about as if the wind currents direct them. The wind itself is blowing fast and swift, directed by the easterly currents from the ocean. Right below the sky lie the rolling mountains that overlook the village. Their presence brings peace and quiet to the French village. The mountains provide shade and protection from afar. Van Gogh also includes a large cypress ...

Temporal Lobes in the Cerebral Cortex

Temporal Lobes in the Cerebral Cortex Temporal Lobes The temporal lobes are one of the four main lobes or regions of the cerebral cortex. They are located in the largest division of the brain known as the forebrain (prosencephalon). As with the three other brain lobes (frontal,  occipital, and parietal), there is one temporal lobe located in each brain hemisphere. The temporal lobes play an important role in organizing sensory input, auditory perception, language and speech production, as well as memory association and formation. Structures of the limbic system, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, and the hippocampus are located within the temporal lobes. Damage to this area of the brain can result in problems with memory, understanding language, and maintaining emotional control. Function The temporal lobes are involved in several functions of the body including: Auditory PerceptionMemorySpeechLanguage ComprehensionEmotional ResponsesVisual PerceptionFacial Recognition Limbic system structures of the temporal lobe are responsible for regulating many of our emotions, as well as forming and processing memories. The amygdala controls many of the autonomic responses associated with fear. It regulates our fight or flight response, as well as helps us develop a healthy sense of fear through fear conditioning. The amygdala receives sensory information from the thalamus and other areas of the cerebral cortex.  In addition, the olfactory cortex is located in the temporal lobe. As such, the temporal lobes are involved in organizing and processing sensory information. Another limbic system structure, the hippocampus, aids in memory formation and connecting our emotions and senses, such as smell and sound, to memories. The temporal lobe aids in auditory processing and the perception of sound. They are also vital to language comprehension and speech. An area of the brain called Wernickes Area is found in the temporal lobes. This area helps us to process words and understand spoken language. Location Directionally, the temporal lobes are anterior to the occipital lobes and inferior to the frontal lobes and parietal lobes. A  large deep groove known as the Fissure of Sylvius separates the parietal and temporal lobes. Temporal Lobes: Damage Damage to the temporal lobes can present a number of issues. Damage resulting from a stroke or seizure can produce an inability to understand language or to speak properly. An individual may have difficulty hearing or perceiving sound. Temporal lobe damage may also result in the development of anxiety disorders, impaired memory formation, aggressive behavior, and hallucinations. In some cases, patients may even develop a condition called Capgras Delusion,  which is the belief that people, often loved ones, are not who they appear to be.

Will money disappear and what will replace it Research Paper

Will money disappear and what will replace it - Research Paper Example The first debate of the possible disappearance of money was started when plastic money in the form of credit cards began taking rook. Now, there are expectations that hard cash will disappear and be replaced by plastic money (Bkatayama Para 1). The debate has now changed and now it is speculated that both plastic money and hard cash will be replaced by other forms of cash. Mobile cash Smart phones are becoming a big part of people’s lives every day. In many economies, SIM cards in mobiles phones have been linked to owner’s bank account which means that the owners of these phones can access their money in the bank directly to carry out everyday payments such as in shopping malls, paying utility bills and other payments. This is something that has spread even in the underdeveloped countries such as in Africa. In east Africa for instance, Kenya was one of the first countries in the world to use mobile banking offered by a cell phone network operator called Safaricom. This mobile phone money transfer allows users to deposit money, withdraw and most importantly pay directly from the phone. The phones don’t have to be smart phones since what is necessary is the SIM card which is registered in the name of the owner and then linked through a mobile network to the bank. This service, although originally offered as a standalone service without the involvement of banks, has now been linked with banks and users can now have a direct link to their bank accounts. This kind of money transfer continues to grace many economies around the world and users like the advantages of mobile money. The main advantage of mobile money is that a person does not have to carry hard cash with them or numerous credit card and debit cards. Due to increasing popularity of mobile money, it has been speculated that by the year 2020, hard cash and plastic money will have been replaced by mobile money (The Week). There are however those who dispute this argument and postulate th at it will be difficult to replace hard currency and plastic money. Some of these reasons include; Huge investment in cash and plastic money The argument is that that are too many organisations that have invested too much money in the system for hard cash and plastic money and they will not allow this form of cash to disappear because its disappearance would mean that they would lose their investment. Apart from this, the most formidable argument that has been given for the impossibility of hard cash and plastic money disappearing is the fact that most people will remain paranoid of new forms of payment and will prefer to pay using the traditional means. For instance according to (Fratianni, Salvatore, and Savona 515), the central bank can prevent the disappearance by setting high reserve rates and also stabilising its monetary policy. Advantages of hard cash Although hard cash has its advantages, it also has its advantages. A major good thing is that it is anonymous. One problem wi th digital money such as mobile money is that it always leaves a â€Å"paper trail† and therefore, some people may find it intrusive in terms of their privacy. More than fearing for their privacy, the other main concern that most people will continue to have is the issue of security of their money. Most people fear that digital money may not be very secure because sometimes it may only take a few clicks or a just a swipe for a thief to take all of a person’s savings. Although security has been tightened around virtual money systems, previous instances of people’s accounts being cleaned by hackers remain a big challenge in convincing people to use virtual money. Some have also argued that just in the same way that notes did not replace coins and plastic money

Strategic Management- Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Management- Case study - Essay Example In the corporate world the chief executive officer position with the corporate hierarchy outside the board of director of a public company. This paper analyzes a scenario of a high level executive who had romantic affair with another manager inside the company he was suppose to lead. The setting of our analysis takes place at Boeing Corporation where Harry Stonececher its chief executive officer (CEO) and a board member of the corporation got involved in an unethical act by starting a romantic relationship with a subordinate. His affair was discovered through unofficial information channel known as whistle blowing. A whistleblower is a person that revels to the general public or the authorities. Unethical or illegal activity within an organization (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, 2003). The situation was very awkward and let a bad taste in the minds of many stakeholders who did not take this news lightly. When something like this happens the general public gets ideas that bad things may be happing within the organization such as collusion, favorism, corruption, money laundering, human rights violations and cooking up the books scenarios such as the infamous Enron case (Kotler, 2002). The bylaws of the corporate which are part of its corporance governance framework are against such type of behavior generally speaking. If such a things happens between two floor workers the course of action a supervisor should take is simply separating the workers between division and areas of work to prevent labor efficiencies from occurring as a result of unnecessary socialization. The case at hand takes the rules to another level because the Boeing situation involved executive laborers at the peak of the chain of command. The fact that such individuals have so much power implies that there action affect all stakeholders thus social responsibility comes into play as an integral part of the equation. There are many stakeholders group whose company’s action are relevant and

Reflective Cycle by Gibbs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Reflective Cycle by Gibbs - Essay Example Scott and Ely (2008) suggest that the purpose of reflection in nursing practice is to develop awareness of how and what can be learned from new experiences. One of the models of reflection will provide the framework for this essay. There are several models of reflection but the reflective model I have chosen is Gibbs Reflective Cycle (Gibbs 1988), with which I am familiar and I find it to be the most clear and concise than the other choices. The Gibbs Reflective Cycle (Gibbs 1988) will be applied throughout the essay to facilitate analytic thought and to assist in evaluating and relating theory to practice where possible. I have chosen to reflect on violence and aggression towards nurses in relation to patients with mental health and alcohol dependence issues. I will attempt to explore the elements that trigger violence and aggression. Besides, I will also dwell on the strategies that nurses may adopt in response to violence and aggression. This reflection will also include literature search and its detailed discussion. According to Jasper (2003), the Gibbs Reflective Cycle consists of the following stages: description, feelings, evaluat ion, analysis, conclusion and an action plan (Gibbs 1988). Therefore, I will begin with the first stage of Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle which necessitates a description of events. A pseudonym will be used to maintain anonymity and confidentiality as laid out by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2010) in their standards of conduct for nursing students. The event occurred whilst I was undertaking a practice placement in the Accident and Emergency Department, where there was a high turnover of emergency patients. Miss March was a 42 years old patient, and suffering from depression and alcohol dependence and was prescribed medication for her depression. She was admitted to the department following an incident at home in which she had taken too many of her prescription drugs whilst under the influence of alcohol. I had not met or had any interaction with Miss March as I had been assigned to another area of the department for the morning. Miss March had already been stabilised in the resuscitation room and was just arriving in the area I was wo rking in. I noted that she was confused and she appeared to be drowsy. My mentor told me that Miss March, while being moved, had an episode of urinary incontinence and asked if I would wash and change the patient. My mentor also asked to me to deal with this without delay as during assessment there were small areas of red, chafed skin found around Miss March’s vaginal area. Therefore, her skin integrity was already compromised. Before going ahead, I took a few minutes to read Miss March’s nursing notes and found a history of verbal challenging behaviour but no indication of any physical violence. Having collected the necessary equipment I made my way to Miss March’s cubicle to assist her in washing and changing. Miss March was sitting on the edge of the bed and I explained the reason for my visit. I continued to talk to her as I positioned everything to assist her but she did not respond in any way. Just as I lifted the wet sheet from the top of the bed to put i t in the clear bag I had brought with me, Miss March yelled abuses at me then raised her arm to hit me. I attempted to reassure her

Health Care Using Visual Aids Health And Social Care Essay

Health Care Using Visual Aids Health And Social Care Essay Tonks in Safer by design report points out that there is a great need for good design for medicine, and more attention should be paid to health care design. The NHS is seriously out of step with modern thinking and practice with regard to design (Tonks, A., 2008). Moreover recent studies conducted by Spinillo and Padovani focused on information design aspects in effectiveness of medicine inserts, showed that deficiencies in typography and confusing visual instructions affect task performance and information comprehension (Spinillo and Padovani, 2009). Well designed information can be crucial for improving patient-doctor communication and prevent from misinterpretation, which can have serious consequences. Paling recommends using visual aids wherever possible, to maximize understanding. Good visual aids can help the viewer to see the risk numbers in context, thus providing information and not just data. Furthermore he states For many patients, truly informed consent (or indeed dissent) is difficult to achieve without visual aids. According to Palings studies use of a simple visual aid can also improve the doctor-patient relationship. When simple visual communication tools are shared between doctor and patient, they offer an opportunity to deepen the bond between them. The closer the doctor-patient partnership, the more likely the patient is to be satisfied (Paling, J., 2003 also Buetow, S., 1998). Concluding Paling urges that more research is needed on how different strategies, particularly use of visual aids, help patients to understand risk. Similar studies have already assessed analogous visual tools such as the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale widely used to help patients communicate their level of pain (Paling, J., 2003). Furthermore he suggests that research should assess how differences in culture, age, and gender affect patients perception of risks. Few studies have examined how different groups respond to risks of any kind, and no studies seem to have investigated which approaches are the most effective for communicating medical risks to different populations (Paling, J., 2003). Figure 1. Wong-Baker Faces Scale From Wong DL, Hockenberry-Eaton M, Wilson D, Winkelstein ML, Schwartz P: Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 6/e, St. Louis, 2001, P. 1301. Recently Dartey and colleagues looked at improving communication for patients with chronic pain using affective graphic design; also scales inspired by Wong-Baker faces. Designed leaflets concerned patients with low literacy skills and intended to aid accurate timing for medication taking. According to Darteys research using visual metaphors to facilitate healthcare communication to low-literacy patients stimulates the mind and aids adherence, however, it requires verbal explanation from the health professionals. It should also be developed in collaboration with the target community taking into account their cultural settings (Dartey et al., 2009). Figure 2. UCSF Computer generated medication calendar (UCSF TODAY 2007) Machtinger and colleagues present the success of a visual system implemented by UCSF research team in America. This new visual system creates a weekly computer generated calendar for patients on medication allowing them to see what medication they need to take and how much on a daily basis. Patients receive also written instructions in English and in their native language (Fig 2). The system aims to prevent miscommunication between doctor and patient, allowing the patient to have full understanding of the daily dosage of their medication. A system that concentrated on visual aspects in particular worked well for patients that suffered from memory loss and aided the communication of information to other nationalities. This system created by UCSF supports the use of visual aids to communicate messages to various groups of people, in particular enhancing effective communication across language barriers. Machtinger et all. suggest that visual symbols and use of colour coding can aid doct or-patient communication and improve mutual understanding (Machtinger et all., 2007). Mansoor and Dowse investigated the effect of pictograms on readability of patients information materials. According to the findings of their research presence of pictograms had a positive effect in the acquisition and comprehension of drug information. Moreover participants expressed an overwhelming positive desire for pictograms in their drug information (Fig. 3) (Mansoor and Dowse, 2003). Researchers stressed that in order to stimulate interest; drug information should be user-friendly, attractive, and easily accessible. Evaluating consumer or patient preference through open-ended questions best assesses these features. This form a crucial part of design process of patients information materials This forms a crucial part of the design process of patient information materials as it provides us with valuable information on how to improve the physical appearance and the readability of the leaflets, thereby making the leaflets more comprehensible. Leaflets with the appropriate tone, length, and design can do much to aid responsible medicine taking say researchers. According to this study, it was evident that the Z-fold leaflet including pictograms was the preferred format and design (Mansoor and Dowse, 2003). Figure 3. Nystatin suspension medicine labels (actual size of labels used 4.70 ÃÆ'- 7.85 cm) (Mansoor and Dowse, 2003). The following features successfully contributed to the location and understanding of the information: 1. short, easy-to-read and highlighted headings for navigating through the leaflet; 2. bullet points and broken paragraphs as opposed to solid text for attracting attention; 3. large spaces between paragraphs and important points rendering the leaflet less intimidating; and 4. large print size that improved legibility. Features that detracted from complete understanding of the information included: 1. the shaded box was ineffective in attracting attention and was often ignored; and 2. the length of the leaflet was a deterrent that sometimes hindered attention span. (Mansoor and Dowse, 2003). Suitably designed and tested drug information can improve compliance rates, satisfy patient information needs, and educate patients on the correct use of their medication (Mansoor and Dowse, 2003). It also plays an important role in empowering patients to become more active participants in their health care. A more informed patient enables greater participation in the decision-making process, resulting in a positive impact on medicine-taking behavior and health outcomes. It is, therefore, essential that information provided on medicine labels and PILs should be patient oriented, relatively brief, concise, and comprehensive. (Mansoor and Dowse, 2003). Review of literature on use of pictorial aids in medication instructions done by Katz and colleagues seams to prove that the use of pictorial aids enhances patients understanding of how they should take their medications, particularly when pictures are used in combination with written or oral instructions (Katz et al., 2006). Also Houts and colleagues in their review state that, according to existing research, pictorial aids improve recall, comprehension, and adherence (Houts et al, 2006). According to their findings there is evidence that people prefer pictures in health messages that are culturally sensitive and include representation of people like themselves and therefore they are more likely to notice these messages. However they couldnt find any experimental studies which compare attention given to culturally targeted and generic health messages. (Houts et al, 2006). Houts brings out Levie and Lentzs research example. They convey study on pictures in education cite which shows, that children prefer stories with pictures to ones without, furthermore audio-visual presentations are considered as more enjoyable and interesting if accompanied with picture (Levie and Lentzs, 1982). Houts points out that particular audience can respond differently to certain pictures and therefore health educational materials should be first tested with intended audience (Houts et al, 2006). Delp and Jones study suggests that addition pictures to health education text draws patients attention and will increase the chance that the text will be read. Leiner et all. research compares non-illustrated leaflet in opposition to a video tape with animated cartoons explaining the need for a polio vaccine. Both the leaflet and video contain the same information. Scores for animated cartoon group were significantly higher than the group with printed information given. Houts et all. reviewing existing studies noted that verbal health information accompanied by pictures helps remember and also recall these information. Houts literature search shows that almost all of studies found in educational data base reported that written or spoken text with pictures are better than text alone. This is called the pictorial superiority effect in educational research. The effect, according to researchers speculation, is caused by greater brain activation evoked by pictures. However no study was found to prove that the pictorial superiority effect was greater for particular type of content or pictures. Houts et all. stressed that more research is needed, especially on the conditions that maximize pictures effects. Houts gives also useful practice implications for designing the information: Educators should: ask how can I use pictures to support key points?, minimize distracting details in pictures, use simple language in conjunction with pictures, closely link pictures to text and/or captions, include people from the intended audience in designing pictures, have health professionals plan the pictures, not artists, evaluate pictures effects by comparing response to materials with and without pictures (Houts et al, 2006). Houts et all. stressed that pictures can change adherence to health instructions, however emotional response to pictures affects whether they increase or decrease target behaviors. The research suggests that all patients can benefit, but patients with low literacy skills are especially likely to benefit. Patients with very low literacy skills can be helped by spoken directions plus pictures to take home as reminders or by pictures plus very simply worded captions (Houts et al, 2006) Green and Myers argued that graphic stories and adult themed comics are an innovative and creative way to learn and teach about illness. Juxtaposing text and image can be beneficial especially for people with low literacy skills, learning difficulties; elderly people (Kripalani et al., 2007) can also be helpful in communication with young patients. Powerful visual messages convey immediate visceral understanding in ways that conventional texts cannot say authors (Green and Myers, 2010). Figure 4 . Cancer Vixen: a personal story of breast cancer Green and Myers research has shown how combining pic ­tures and text enhances understanding, as the activities of reading and viewing activate dif ­ferent information processing systems within the brain. (Mayer R.E., Sims V.K.,1994). This combination also fosters con ­nections between new information and existing knowledge, thereby increasing recall of health information, especially among those with low literacy. This process is even more effective when pictures overlap with text, are explana ­tory, and are engaging (Green and Myers, 2010). Green and Myer say that graphic pathographies can also help patients and their families better understand what to expect of a certain disease (Fig. 4) (Green and Myers, 2010). Research conducted by Coad and collegues exploited using art-based techniques in engaging children and young people in healthcare. The study looked at how art-based techniques and activities can be applied for use in consultation work and/or research projects with children and young people. In Coads research three art-based activities of using photographs, drawings/posters or collages and mapping techniques were considered in terms of application to field work. (Coad, J., et al., 2007) Art-based techniques, says Coad, give children and young people the opportunity to articulate their feelings through their own visual representations, including those with writing and/or language difficulties, one major challenge is understanding what the art-work means to them (Coad, J. et al., 2007).

Use of Symbols and Symbolism in Steinbecks Flight :: Steinbeck Flight Essays

Use of Symbolism in Steinbeck's Flight In his classic short story, "Flight," John Steinbeck uses many examples of symbolism to foreshadow the conclusion. Symbolism can be anything, a person, place or thing, used to portray something beyond itself. It is used to represent or foreshadow the ending of the story. Steinbeck uses colors, direction, and nature symbolism to help presage Pepà ©'s tragic death. Let us now more closely examine the ways that Steinbeck uses colors to foreshadow the ending of his short story. Perhaps the most repeatedly used symbol in "Flight," is the color black. In literature many authors use black to represent death. There are numerous examples in this short story. Some of these include the black handle on the long blade, Pepà ©'s black hair and the black jerky. Another example may be found when Pepà © puts on his fathers black coat, which represents death. When Pepà © puts on the coat he is literally covering himself with death. Another fine example is the trail in which Pepà © travels. Steinbeck describes the path as a well-worn black path. By traveling on this path he is in fact taking the road of death. Furthermore Pepà ©'s appearance also helps foreshadow the ending. Steinbeck describes him as having a black hat that covers his black thatched hair. Pepà © is also described as being dark, lean and tall. Another example is Pepà ©'s shack. The shack is described as weathered and very old. It casts a rather large shadow to the North east. The darkness of the shadow symbolizes death in the home. As we can readily see, the authors use of black symbolism in the story tells us that the main character, Pepà ©, is impending death. Another commonly used symbol in the story "Flight," is direction. Direction is used to represent positive or negative effects. North and East are generally "good" directions. Many people feel this came about when the early man saw the sun rise in the East. On the contrary, the directions South and West are generally "bad" directions. Basically this is because the sun sets in the West. Besides compass directions, height is also a very popular way of foreshadowing the conclusion of the story. The direction up, which is also the way to heaven is generally "good," while down, the direction of hell, is considered to be "bad." An example of this form of symbolism can be found when Pepà © is returning home.